PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.